The article is translated from the ” yicai.com -China Business Network “.
Employment population in 35 key Chinese cities: Dongguan has the highest proportion of manufacturing industry, and there are many high-paying industries in these cities.
In 2021, the three industries with the highest annual average salary of employees employed in urban non-private units in the country are information transmission, software and information technology service industry with 201,506 yuan, scientific research and technical service industry with 151,776 yuan, and financial industry with 150,843 yuan, which are respectively 1.89 times, 1.42 times and 1.41 times of the Chinese average level respectively.
The “2020 China Population Census Sub-county Information” (hereinafter referred to as “Data”) compiled by the Office of the Leading Group of the Seventh National Census of the State Council announced the sub-items of the seventh national census in 2020 at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels Data. One is about the population data of various industries, which is long table data. The long form of the census includes all items in the short form and the economic activities of the population, marriage and birth, and housing, etc., and 10% of all households (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners) are selected to fill in the form.
Looking at the proportion of employment population in 20 major industries, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery accounted for 20.6%. While manufacturing ranked second with 18.1%. Wholesale and retail industry employment accounted for 14.1%, ranking third. The construction industry accounted for more than 10%, which was 11.3%. These four industries accounted for more than 60% of the employment population.
According to the “Data”, the CBN reporter sorted out the proportion of employed population in various industries in 35 key cities (including municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities with separate state planning, cities with a GDP trillion yuan, provincial capitals with a GDP exceeding 500 billion yuan, and Wenzhou, a major private economy city). It is found that Changchun, Harbin, Nanning and other cities have a relatively high proportion of employees in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. While Dongguan, Foshan, Ningbo, Wenzhou, and Wuxi have more than 40% of employees in manufacturing. And Guangzhou’s wholesale and retail employees account for more than 20%. Chongqing and Hefei have a relatively high proportion of employees in the construction industry. Beijing, Shanghai and other cities account for relatively high proportions of employees in the information transmission, software and information technology service industries, financial industry, and scientific research technology service industries with the top three incomes.
Looking at the situation in different regions, cities with more counties under their jurisdiction and a larger proportion of rural population have a higher proportion of agricultural employees. For example, Changchun’s urbanization rate is 66.8%, which is relatively low among first- and second-tier cities, but its employees in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery account for 31.5%. While the proportion of Harbin reaches 28%, its urbanization rate is only 70.6%. Meanwhile, Nanning’s agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery employees accounted for 25%, but its urbanization rate was only 69.8%.
There are also some areas where although the urbanization rate is relatively low, the proportion of people engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is not high. For example, the urbanization rate of Quanzhou is only 69.7%, but the proportion of employees in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is only 7.78%. Wenzhou’s urbanization rate is 72.8%, and the proportion of people engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is only 4.14%.
According to Ding Changfa, an associate professor in the Department of Economics of Xiamen University, Wenzhou and Quanzhou had a large rural population, and the level of urbanization was not high. At the same time, the land is narrow and densely populated, with many mountains and less arable land. The per capita arable land is very small, and the income from farming is relatively low. The industry and commerce in these two places, especially the light industry, are very developed, with many employment opportunities and many business groups. In addition, both places have a large number of industrial workers who have flown in from other places, so the proportion of them engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is low.
Among the 35 major cities, 8 cities accounted for more than 30% of the population employed in manufacturing, namely Dongguan, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Foshan, Suzhou, Wuxi, Quanzhou and Shenzhen. Among them, Dongguan’s manufacturing industry employees accounted for as high as 58.08%, close to 60%.
Dongguan, with an area of only 2,474 square kilometers, was upgraded to a prefecture-level city in 1988. With the development of export trade, Dongguan has gradually developed into one of the largest manufacturing bases in the world, forming eight major industries based on electronic information, electrical machinery, textile and clothing, furniture, toys, paper and paper products, food and beverage, and chemicals. modern industrial system. In recent years, under the spillover and drive of the first-tier city Shenzhen, economic transformation and upgrading have been accelerating.
The proportion of manufacturing employees in Ningbo reached 45.47%. Tang Hairu, deputy director of the Expert Committee of the Hangzhou Planning Commission, believes that Ningbo has a high proportion of manufacturing industry, and the manufacturing level is very strong, with a very good foundation. Not only the urban area, but also the counties and cities under its jurisdiction, such as Cixi, Yuyao, etc. The manufacturing industry cluster is very developed, and there are many individual champions.
After Ningbo, Wenzhou, Foshan, Suzhou, and Wuxi all had more than 40% of their employed population in the manufacturing industry. Quanzhou, a large private economic city in Fujian, ranked seventh with a ratio of 37.18%. Shenzhen was the only one with a ratio of 35.73%. The first-tier cities accounted for more than 30%. Ding Changfa said that the light industry in the developed southeast coastal areas is very developed, which has brought a lot of jobs. In the early days, the southeast coast undertook the transfer of the international manufacturing industry, and has continued to transform and upgrade in recent years. In particular, highly export-oriented manufacturing products are sold all over the world, with large output, large-scale industrial chain, and large employment population.
Wholesale and retail employees accounted for 14.1% of the total employed population. From the data of each city, Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Zhengzhou, Changsha, and Wuhan rank among the top five.
Guangzhou’s wholesale and retail industry employees accounted for 20.69%. As a millennium commercial capital, Guangzhou has hundreds of professional wholesale markets, large and small. The development of Guangzhou professional wholesale market started early, and gradually formed spontaneously in the early 1980s, with a large overall scale. The market covers leather goods, shoes, textiles and garments, hardware and building materials, and other business categories, forming industrial clusters such as Liuhua clothing, Zhanxi shoe materials, Shiling leather, and Zhongda cloth that are well-known throughout the country.
Peng Peng, executive director of the Guangdong Restructuring Research Association, analyzed that a large number of wholesale markets have gathered a large number of practitioners. Reflected in the subway traffic, the passenger flow intensity of the Guangzhou Metro during the peak commute period may not be as strong as that of the Beijing and Shanghai subways. But during the off-peak period, the passenger flow intensity exceeds that of Beijing and Shanghai. Because many wholesale market practitioners and foreign buyers travel by subway, but this group does not have to catch up with the rush hour.
With the rapid development of the urban economy, new buildings have sprung up, requiring a large number of construction industry practitioners. The data shows that among the 35 cities, 15 of them accounted for more than 10% of their employees in the construction industry. Among them, Chongqing, Hefei and Nantong ranked the top three.
In recent years, the three industries with the highest income in China are information transmission, software and information technology service industry, scientific research and technology service industry, and financial industry. According to data from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics, the three industries with the highest annual average salary of employees in urban non-private units in 2021 are:
They are respectively 1.89 times, 1.42 times and 1.41 times the national average.
From the perspective of the proportion of employees in the industry, the employment proportion of these three major industries is less than 2%. The employment proportion of the information transmission, software and information technology service industry is 1.7%. And the employment population proportion of the financial industry is 1.5%. The scientific research and technical service industry accounted for 1.3%. The total proportion of employees in these three industries reached 4.5%.
Among them, the combined proportion of these three high-income industries is highest in Beijing, reaching 20.64%; Shanghai ranks second, reaching 13.55%. As a strong first-tier city, Beijing and Shanghai have a well-developed modern service industry and are the areas where these high-income industries are most concentrated. For example, Beijing has gathered a large number of major Internet companies, and employees in the information transmission, software and information technology service industries accounted for 9.4%, compared with 6.1% in Shanghai.
Employees in the three major industries of Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Wuhan accounted for more than 10%. Shenzhen, Xi’an, Guangzhou, and Chengdu accounted for more than 9%. Among them, Hangzhou has a well-developed Internet industry, and employees in information transmission, software and information technology services accounted for 5.97%. While employees in Nanjing and Wuhan’s science and technology research and technical service industries accounted for 3.9% and 3.46% respectively.
Niu Fengrui, a researcher at the Urban Development and Environmental Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told CBN reporter that Nanjing and Wuhan have strong higher education capabilities, and the proportion of employees in the technology research and technical service industries in the two cities is also relatively high.
Although the combined proportion of the three high-income industries in Shenzhen and Guangzhou is not as high as that of Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Wuhan, the total number of employees in these three industries is still higher than that of Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Wuhan due to the large number of employed people in Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
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